The three Rs of river ecosystem resilience: Resources,recruitment, and refugia

Resilience in river ecosystems requires that organisms must persist in the face of highly dynamic hydrological and geomorphological variations. Disturbance events such as floods and droughts are postulated to shape life history traits that support resilience, but river management and conservation would benefit from greater understanding of the emergent effects in communities of river organisms. We unify current knowledge of taxonomic‐, phylogenetic‐, and trait‐based aspects of river communities that might aid the identification and quantification of resilience mechanisms. Temporal variations in river productivity, physical connectivity, and environmental heterogeneity resulting from floods and droughts are highlighted as key characteristics that promote resilience in these dynamic ecosystems. Three community‐wide mechanisms that underlie resilience are (a) partitioning (competition/facilitation) of dynamically varying resources, (b) dispersal, recolonization, and recruitment promoted by connectivity, and (c) functional redundancy in communities promoted by resource heterogeneity and refugia. Along with taxonomic and phylogenetic identity, biological traits related to feeding specialization, dispersal ability, and habitat specialization mediate organism responses to disturbance. Measures of these factors might also enable assessment of the relative contributions of different mechanisms to community resilience. Interactions between abiotic drivers and biotic aspects of resource use, dispersal, and persistence have clear implications for river conservation and management. To support these management needs, we propose a set of taxonomic, phylogenetic, and life‐history trait metrics that might be used to measure resilience mechanisms. By identifying such indicators, our proposed framework can enable targeted management strategies to adapt river ecosystems to global change.     

基于信息熵与形态学的鸟鸣数据处理

为了探索一种减少训练量并提高精度,且适应于卷积神经网络的预处理方法,以识别鸟鸣为例,基于信息熵以及形态学在图像处理上的应用,根据鸟鸣的间隔性特点,提出新的处理方案。利用形态学将音频片段归类为有效和噪声信号两类;使用加权的方法利用信息熵预测有效数据的分布。仿真结果表明,形态学使数据量减少且信息熵处理使单个数据稀疏化并起到滤波作用,在保持精度甚至精度提高的情况下缩短了训练时间,为卷积神经网络的数据预处理的简化提供了方向。     

培训中心网络安全建设的思考

本文分析了在网络安全的严峻局面下,培训中心作为开放性的网络访问环境,面临的支撑业务与安全矛盾难题远比企业大得多。本文以网络建设的多维度分析模型方法为基础,详细分析了培训中心网络建设的难点,提出了具体落地的网络建设思路;说明培训中心网络安全建设是长期的、技术难度很高的、有价值的工作。     

大类招生背景下电子信息类专业人才培养模式的探索与思考

“大类招生、分流培养”已成为大多数高校采取的招生和培养思路，如何确定大类招生包含的专业、合理制定分流原则、制定科学的课程体系、完善相关的配套制度，不仅关系高校招生生源质量，而且影响高校人才培养质量。本文以北京交通大学电子信息工程学院为例，详细阐述了电子信息类专业人才培养模式的探索和思考。     

User-friendly search interface for older adults: supporting search goal refreshing in working memory to improve information search strategies

ABSTRACT

This study investigates how a search interface that displays users’ ultimate query (i.e. users’ current search goal) can cope with the age-related decrease of fluid abilities and support older users’ search behaviours. 30 young and 18 older adults completed 9 search problems with a regular web browser or with the experimental search interface. Results showed that older adults spent longer time on the search engine result pages, they needed more time to reformulate, and they had more difficulties exploring the search paths elaborated. Age-differences also appeared as soon as the beginning of the search. The support tool helped older users reformulate their queries more rapidly and elaborate more flexible search strategies at the beginning of the activity. Indeed, older adults who interacted with the support tool switched to the processing of a new search path more rapidly instead of exploiting their initial query (i.e. they visited fewer websites for the initial query produced and reformulated a query instead of keeping on conducting a deeper investigation of the search results provided in the search engine result page). Implications of these findings for the design of effective support tools for older users are discussed.     

数据信息化时代下的工程造价管理

在经济不断迅猛发展的形势下,新时代的经济形式催生出一些多元化企业和职业,信息技术的不断发展使数据信息成为最具价值的财富。在信息传播极其迅速的今天,工程造价在数据信息时代下的管理模式也不断更新变化,以适应多元化的工程项目形式。因此信息数据的大量搜集和相关研究受到了各大科研机构和各类企业的高度关注。     

Black hole entropy,the black hole information paradox,and time travel paradoxes from a new perspective

ABSTRACT

Relatively simple but apparently novel ways are proposed for viewing three related subjects: black hole entropy, the black hole information paradox, and time travel paradoxes. (1) Gibbons and Hawking have completely explained the origin of the entropy of all black holes, including physical black holes – nonextremal and in 3-dimensional space – if one can identify their Euclidean path integral with a true thermodynamic partition function (ultimately based on microstates). An example is provided of a theory containing this feature. (2) There is unitary quantum evolution with no loss of information if the detection of Hawking radiation is regarded as a measurement process within the Everett interpretation of quantum mechanics. (3) The paradoxes of time travel evaporate when exposed to the light of quantum physics (again within the Everett interpretation), with quantum fields properly described by a path integral over a topologically nontrivial but smooth manifold.     

Temporal information based GoP adaptation for linear video delivery schemes

An original wireless video transmission scheme called SoftCast has been recently proposed to deal with the issues encountered in conventional wireless video broadcasting systems (e.g. cliff effect). In this paper, we evaluate and optimize the performance of the SoftCast scheme according to the transmitted video content. Precisely, an adaptive coding mechanism based on GoP-size adaptation, which takes into account the temporal information fluctuations of the video, is proposed. This extension denoted Adaptive GoP-size mechanism based on Content and Cut detection for SoftCast (AGCC-SoftCast) significantly improves the performance of the SoftCast scheme. It consists in modifying the GoP-size according to the shot changes and the spatio-temporal characteristics of the transmitted video. When hardware capacities, such as buffer or processor performance are limited, an alternative method based only on the shot changes detection (AGCut-SoftCast) is also proposed. Improvements up to 16 dB for the PSNR and up to 0.55 for the SSIM are observed with the proposed solutions at the cut boundaries. In addition, temporal visual quality fluctuations are reduced under 1dB in average, showing the effectiveness of the proposed methods.     

基于GIS的航电枢纽安全监测信息管理系统设计与应用

为解决航电枢纽安全监测海量数据统筹管理以及GIS技术结合应用程度低等问题,开发了基于GIS的航电枢纽安全监测信息管理系统。倾斜摄影技术的应用实现了高效建立工程三维数字模型,通过实景模型与工程监测的结合,为监测点可视化管理及成果可视化展示提供了条件。系统实现的技术路线,可为类似工程项目提供参考。     

Consumer perception of extruded snacks containing brown rice and dried mushroom

Effects of mushroom type, seasoning and health benefit information (HBI) on consumers’ saltiness expectation, sensory liking, elicited emotions and purchase intent (PI) of extruded snacks were investigated. Five snacks were evaluated: straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) extrudates without (SME) or with seasoning (SMES), phoenix mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius) extrudates without (PME) or with seasoning (PMES), and the control without mushroom and seasoning. Hedonic scores and positive emotions were generally higher for seasoned mushroom-containing snacks (SMES and PMES) with 65% and 75.83% of consumers reporting willingness to purchase, respectively, after receiving HBI. Bored, interested and satisfied were identified as significant emotional predictors for PI odds. Flavour, saltiness, overall liking, bored, good and interested were critical attributes, differentiating snacks. This study demonstrated that sensory liking and PI of extruded brown rice-based snacks containing mushroom could be improved through savoury seasoning addition, which also allowed saltiness expectations to be met.